About Uterine Fibroid Embolization
Uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat fibroids, which are noncancerous growths in the uterus. UFE involves the injection of small particles into the arteries supplying blood to the fibroids, causing them to shrink. This procedure provides an effective alternative to surgical treatments like hysterectomy or myomectomy.
Symptoms
Fibroids can cause a range of symptoms, including:
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual periods
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination
- Difficulty emptying the bladder
- Constipation
- Back or leg pain
Procedure
The UFE procedure is performed under local anesthesia with sedation. A small incision is made in the groin, and a catheter is guided through the blood vessels to the arteries supplying the fibroids. Tiny particles are then injected through the catheter to block these arteries, cutting off the blood supply to the fibroids, which causes them to shrink and die. The procedure typically takes about 1 to 2 hours, and patients can usually go home the same day.
Treatment Process
The treatment process for UFE involves several steps:
- Consultation: A thorough examination and consultation with a healthcare provider to discuss symptoms, medical history, and the suitability of UFE as a treatment option.
- Pre-Procedure Preparation: Patients may need to fast for several hours before the procedure. Pre-procedure imaging tests, such as an MRI or ultrasound, are conducted to map out the fibroids.
- Procedure: The patient is given local anesthesia and sedation. A small incision is made, and a catheter is inserted into the artery. Embolic particles are used to block the blood flow to the fibroids.
- Post-Procedure Care: Patients are monitored for a short period after the procedure and can usually go home the same day. Pain and cramping are common and can be managed with medication.
- Follow-Up: Follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor recovery and ensure the fibroids have shrunk and symptoms have improved.
Benefits
UFE offers several benefits, including relief from heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure. It is a minimally invasive procedure with a shorter recovery time compared to surgical options. UFE preserves the uterus, making it an attractive option for women who wish to retain their fertility. The procedure is highly effective, with most women experiencing significant symptom improvement.
Risks
As with any medical procedure, UFE carries potential risks. These may include infection, bleeding, pain, or a reaction to the contrast dye used during the procedure. Some women may experience post-embolization syndrome, characterized by pain, fever, and nausea, which can be managed with medication. There is also a risk of the fibroids returning, although this is less common. It is important to discuss the potential risks and benefits with a healthcare provider before undergoing treatment.
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